Eritrea
Reports almost nothing to WDI; expect low confidence
VintagesWEO April 2026WDI pulled 25 October 2026IDS 2025 (December 2025 release)WPP 2024, medium variantLast refreshed 25 October 2026About the data
The identity
GDP growth is output-per-worker growth plus growth in the employment-to-working-age ratio plus working-age population growth. All three are annual growth rates, so the bar adds.
- Output per worker-2.31%
- Employment-to-working-age ratio-0.12%
- Working-age population (15-64)+1.98%
- Observed GDP growthnot yet fetched
- Implied (the three terms summed)-0.45%
| Overlay (beside the bar, never inside it) | Value |
|---|---|
| Wage employment share | 47.4% |
| Non-agricultural employment share | 44.0% |
| Employment rate, women | 68.0% |
| Employment rate, men | 79.7% |
| Youth not in employment, education or training | not yet fetched |
| Productivity growth, within-sector | not yet fetched |
| Productivity growth, between-sector | not yet fetched |
| Wage employment source | ILO-modelled-employees |
Generative-AI exposure: not yet fetched. The share of employment in the occupations the ILO's index places in the automation band sits beside the bar, never inside it: it is a share, not a growth rate.
Population path
- Population, 20243.5 million
- Population, 20505.7 million
- Population, 21008.4 million
- Median age18.9 years
- Total fertility rate3.68 births per woman
- Dependency ratio73.4 per 100 of working age
Output
Levels are the IMF’s April 2026 estimates for 2025, with the World Bank’s most recent published year standing in where the IMF publishes no figure for this country. Observed growth is over the same window as the identity above, and the forecast runs five years out.
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| GDP | $2.1bn |
| GDP per capita | $689 |
| GDP at PPP | not yet fetched |
| Observed GDP growth | not yet fetched |
| GDP growth, five-year forecast | not yet fetched |
| Urban share | 34.5% |
| Informal employment share | not yet fetched |
| Largest city | Asmara |
| Largest city population | 543 thousand |
| Largest city population, 2050 | 958 thousand |
External debt
- Multilateral$0.5bn
- Other bilateral$0.1bn
- Other privatenot yet fetched
- Eurobonds, of which bonds, inside other privatenot yet fetched
- Paris Club, of which owed to Paris Club members, across all three$0.1bn
- China, of which owed to China, across all three$0.0bn
- Total external debt stock$0.7bn
- IDS 2025, owed to China$0.0bn
- BU CLA, cumulative commitments$0.7bn
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Debt service due 2026-2030 | $0.2bn |
| Eurobonds outstanding | not yet fetched |
| Restructuring status | none |
| Collateralized or resource-backed debt | not yet fetched |
| S&P rating | not yet fetched |
| Moody's rating | not yet fetched |
| Fitch rating | not yet fetched |
Exports and the balance sheet
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Top three exports | Ores and concentrates of base metals, n.e.s. (SITC 287): 22.1%; Vegetables (SITC 054): 20.0%; Copper ores and concentrates; copper mattes, cemen (SITC 283): 14.3% |
| Commodity dependence | 92.1% |
| Remittances received | not yet fetched |
| Foreign direct investment | $0.1bn |
| Official development assistance | $0.1bn |
| AfCFTA status | not yet fetched |
| PAPSS member | no |
| Afrobarometer lived poverty index | not yet fetched |
Data quality
Last census not recorded. Last GDP rebase not recorded. Last labour-force survey 2015. SPI not recorded. Subscribes to no IMF dissemination standard. Confidence: not yet computable.The rule: high means a census within fifteen years, an SPI score of 70 or better and a labour-force survey within five years; one failure is medium, two or more failures or a census before 2000 is low, and the flag is left uncomputed when one of the three inputs is itself missing (the rule, and the reasons to argue with it, on the About the data page).
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| WPP estimate basis | not recorded |
| Climate vulnerability | high |
| Fragility | FCS: institutional and social fragility |
Census: no population and housing census has ever been enumerated on Eritrean territory. The first post-independence census was scheduled for 1998 and abandoned when the war with Ethiopia began, and Ethiopia's own first census, in 1984, excluded the province of Eritrea on security grounds, so there is no earlier enumeration to fall back on either (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Eritrea). Population estimates for the country range roughly 3.6 to 6.7 million. The field is left null because nothing was ever held, not because the year is unknown. LFS: the Ministry of Labour and Human Welfare national labour force survey was conducted in 2015/16 (ages 14-64), reported by the state newspaper; recorded as 2015, single-source. Rebase and dissemination standard: not sourced; dsbb.imf.org is blocked from this environment and no World Bank SPI score is published for Eritrea, so the card's confidence flag cannot be computed whatever is entered here.
The shelf
The latest reports on this country from the Fund and the Bank. Each line under “what it argued” is the publisher's own summary, quoted, not a paraphrase; where a summary says nothing the line is blank. A country with no Article IV consultation in the last three years says so, with the report that establishes it.
| Report | What it argued |
|---|---|
| IMF Article IVNo Article IV consultation since 2003 | The latest Article IV consultation the IMF Staff Country Reports series carries for this country was published in July 2003; the url is that report. See the record. |
Sources
Numbers on this card were last refreshed on 25 October 2026.
| Release behind this card | Last pulled |
|---|---|
| Africapolis 2025 | 25 October 2026 |
| Boston University Chinese Loans to Africa database, 2000-2024 | 25 October 2026 |
| ILO modelled estimates, November 2025 | 25 October 2026 |
| ND-GAIN Country Index, 2026 release | 25 October 2026 |
| PAPSS Payments Network Coverage sheet | 25 October 2026 |
| UN World Population Prospects 2024, medium variant | Not recorded |
| UNCTADstat merchandise trade matrix | 25 October 2026 |
| World Bank Group FY26 list of fragile and conflict-affected situations | 25 October 2026 |
| World Bank International Debt Statistics 2025 | 25 October 2026 |
| World Bank World Development Indicators | 25 October 2026 |
| World Bank World Development Indicators, cross-border flows | 25 October 2026 |
| hand-entered | Not pulled |
| derived here from the three identity terms | Not pulled |
| Field on this page | Where the number comes from |
|---|---|
| Chinese loan commitments, cumulative | Boston University Chinese Loans to Africa database, 2000-2024 |
| Climate vulnerability | ND-GAIN Country Index, 2026 release, 2024 observation |
| Commodity dependence | UNCTADstat merchandise trade matrix, 2025 observation |
| Debt service due 2026-2030 | World Bank International Debt Statistics 2025 (2026-2030) |
| Dependency ratio | UN World Population Prospects 2024, medium variant |
| Employment rate, men | ILO modelled estimates, November 2025, 2024 observation |
| Employment rate, women | ILO modelled estimates, November 2025, 2024 observation |
| Employment-to-working-age growth | ILO modelled estimates, November 2025, 2024 observation |
| External debt stock | World Bank International Debt Statistics 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment | World Bank World Development Indicators, cross-border flows, 2025 observation |
| Fragility | World Bank Group FY26 list of fragile and conflict-affected situations |
| GDP | World Bank World Development Indicators, 2011 observation |
| GDP per capita | World Bank World Development Indicators, 2011 observation |
| Identity window | UN World Population Prospects 2024, medium variant |
| IMF dissemination standard | Hand-entered, cited to absent from https://dsbb.imf.org/sdds/subscriptio… |
| Implied GDP growth | derived here from the three identity terms |
| Largest city | Africapolis 2025, 2025 observation |
| Largest city population | Africapolis 2025, 2025 observation |
| Largest city population, 2050 | Africapolis 2025, 2050 observation |
| Last labour-force survey | Hand-entered, cited to shabait.com/2018/11/03/eritreas-labor-force-surve… |
| Median age | UN World Population Prospects 2024, medium variant |
| Non-agricultural employment share | ILO modelled estimates, November 2025, 2024 observation |
| Official development assistance | World Bank World Development Indicators, cross-border flows, 2023 observation |
| Output per worker growth | ILO modelled estimates, November 2025, 2024 observation |
| Owed to China | World Bank International Debt Statistics 2025, 2024 observation |
| Owed to multilaterals | World Bank International Debt Statistics 2025 |
| Owed to other bilaterals | World Bank International Debt Statistics 2025 |
| Owed to Paris Club creditors | World Bank International Debt Statistics 2025, 2024 observation |
| PAPSS member | PAPSS Payments Network Coverage sheet (June 2026) |
| Population, 2024 | UN World Population Prospects 2024, medium variant |
| Population, 2050 | UN World Population Prospects 2024, medium variant |
| Population, 2100 | UN World Population Prospects 2024, medium variant |
| Restructuring status | Hand-entered, cited to clubdeparis.org/en/sites/clubdeparis/accueil/pays… |
| Top three exports | UNCTADstat merchandise trade matrix, 2025 observation |
| Total fertility rate | UN World Population Prospects 2024, medium variant |
| Urban share | World Bank World Development Indicators, 2025 observation |
| Wage employment share | ILO modelled estimates, November 2025, 2024 observation |
| Wage employment source | ILO modelled estimates, November 2025, 2024 observation |
| Working-age population growth (15-64) | UN World Population Prospects 2024, medium variant |
Card schema african-economic-future/country_card/v1, built 2026-10-25. The release behind each key, and the day each was last pulled, are listed on the About the data page, and the record behind this page is one of the fifty-four in cards.csv and cards.json.
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