Independent bantustan censuses

Literature › Primary sources

Kind	population census
Producer	Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Ciskei and Venda governments
Coverage	1980-1991
Works using it	4

Debates

Debate	Works
Census, race classification and demographic data	2
Homelands, separate development, decentralisation and removals	1
Long-run legacy and persistence of apartheid	1

Works using this source

Work	As cited	Period	How used
Carrillo et al. (2023a)	1980 census separate Bophuthatswana data file	1980	Used only in a robustness check that adds Bophuthatswana to the sample (Table G.4), where province of birth for those born in White areas is unavailable.
Christopher (1982)	Preliminary Census Statistics 1980 (Bophuthatswana Department of Statistics, Montshiwa, 1981)	1980	Supplies census figures for Bophuthatswana, supplementing the South African preliminary results; Transkei and Venda figures were estimates.
Christopher (2009a)	Independent bantustan censuses: Transkei 1985, Bophuthatswana 1985 and 1991, Ciskei 1991, Venda 1991	1980-1991	Provides the citizenship and titular-language results (Table 4; 76.0% Bophuthatswana citizens, 98.3% Venda citizens).
Christopher (2009b)	Bantustan censuses: Transkei 1985, Bophuthatswana 1985 and 1991, Venda 1991, Ciskei 1991	1980-1991	Used for the persistence of apartheid classifications and citizenship/titular-language shares (Table 4; 76.0% Bophuthatswana citizens).