| Atkinson (2007) |
Legislation and gazettes: ESTA 1997, Natives Land Act 1913, Masters and Servants Acts, Native Trust and Land Act 1936, Basic Conditions of Employment Act, Municipal Property Rates Act 2004, SA Schools Act 1996, etc. |
1854-2004 |
Establishes the legal framework of unfree labour and post-1994 rights and their stated provisions. |
| Chaskalson and Duncan (1984) |
Development Trust and Land Act No. 18 of 1936 |
1936 |
Legal basis for controlling black residence and numbers on farmland through labour control boards. |
| Chaskalson and Duncan (1984) |
Native Land Act No. 27 of 1913 |
1913 |
Establishes the land segregation framework (about 7% of land, later about 13%) to which influx control is tied. |
| Christopher (1982) |
Natives Land Act 1913, Natives Trust and Land Act 1936, Natives (Urban Areas) Act 1923, Group Areas Act 1950 |
1913-1950 |
Statutory framework for reserve land (9.5 million ha in 1913, plus 6.2 million ha in 1936) and for urban segregation and 'repatriation' of blacks. |
| Feinberg (1993) |
Natives Land Act, Act No. 27 of 1913, with Schedule of Native Areas, and successive bill drafts (C 562-2-'13, C 579-(4)-'13, C 592-(7)-'13, C 595-(8)-'13, A.B. 36-'13, A.B. 36B-'13) |
March-June 1913 |
Textual analysis of the Act's provisions and drafting evolution (Free State Section 7, Cape exemption, schedule). |
| Hallett (1984) |
Land and segregation legislation: 1836 Cape ordinance, 1879 Cape Vagrancy and Squatting Act, Natives Land Act 1913, Natives (Urban Areas) Act 1923, Native Land and Trust Act 1936, Group Areas Act, Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act, Laws on Cooperation and Development Amendment Act 1982 |
1836-1982 |
Provides the legal framework of territorial segregation and the basis of removals, mostly as reported through the SPP volumes. |
| Keegan (1986) |
Natives Land Act of 1913 |
1913 |
Cited as social-engineering legislation that sought to outlaw black sharecropping, but did not by itself transform rural relations. |
| Mabin (1991a) |
Land Acts of 1913 and 1936 (Natives Land Act, Native Trust and Land Act) |
1913, 1936 |
Legislative framework that scheduled reserves (about 7% of the country, later added to) and framed apartheid-era rural policy. |
| Mabin (1991b) |
Natives Land Act 1913 and Land Act 1936 (Native Trust and Land Act) |
1913, 1936 |
Legislative framework that scheduled reserves, restricted African land acquisition and tenancy, and later underpinned apartheid betterment and removals. |
| Mazower (1990) |
Native Land and Trust Act 1936 (Chapter IV) and 1913 Land Act; Native Service Contract Act |
1913-1940 |
Frames the legal basis for rent-paying versus labour tenancy and attempts at labour tenant control. |
| Murray (1987) |
Natives Land Act 1913 (prohibition of share-cropping) |
1913 |
Context for the claim that outcomes were not simply determined by legislative prohibition of share-cropping. |
| Obi (2006) |
Legislation: Native Land Act 27 of 1913, Native Trust and Land Act 18 of 1936, Marketing Act 1968, Marketing of Agricultural Products Act 1996, Restitution of Land Rights Act 22 of 1994, ESTA 1997, Labour Tenants Act 1996, CLARA 2004, Capital Gains Tax Act 2001 |
1913-2004 |
Frames the policy regimes and break dates (1968, 1985, 1996, 2001) used for the structural break and dummy-variable analysis. |
| Sato (2012) |
Legislation: Land Acts 1913/1936, Native Laws Amendment Act 1952, 1954 and 1964 amendments to the Natives Trust and Land Act, Act 43 of 1983, Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act 52 of 1951 |
1913-1983 |
Provides the legal framework for labour tenancy abolition, evictions and conservation pressure. |
| Simkins (n.d.) |
Land Acts (1913 and later amendments, scheduled and released land) |
1913 onwards |
Legal framework dividing rural South Africa into homeland and non-homeland parts, which structures the argument on tenure and population distribution. |
| Stavrou (1988) |
Native Land and Trust Act 1936, Chapter IV (1956 amendment) |
1936/1956 |
Establishes the legal categories of servants, labour tenants and squatters on white farms. |
| Venter (1979) |
Bantu Trust and Land Act of 1936 |
1936 |
Land allocation ceiling under the Act is cited as the obstacle to compensating for alienated land and to consolidation. |
| Venter et al. (2000) |
Apartheid land and segregation statutes (Black Land Act 27 of 1913; Development Trust and Land Act 18 of 1936; Group Areas Act 36 of 1966; Proclamation R293 of 1962, etc.) |
1913-1984 |
Lists the statutory core of apartheid land law underpinning the argument on legal codes and spatial exclusivity. |
| Vink et al. (2012) |
Land and land-related legislation: 1913 and 1936 Land Acts, Settlement Act 1922, (Native) Administration Act 1927, Proclamations 116 of 1949 and R196 of 1967, soil conservation Acts (1946, 1969, 1983, 1989), Bantu Homelands Constitution Act 1971, Marketing of Agricultural Products Act 47 of 1996 |
1913-1996 |
Documents the legal framework producing spatial distortions, betterment planning and differential state support. |
| Wessels (2011) |
Natives Land Acts of 1913 and 1936 |
1913, 1936 |
Cited as the legal origin of the homelands, which provides the historical context for the degradation and dates the start of possible degradation. |
| Williams (1996) |
Legislation: 1913 Natives Land Act, 1936 Native Trust and Land Act, 1991 Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act, Act 126 of 1993, Constitution Act 200 of 1993, Restitution of Land Rights Act 1994 |
1913-1994 |
Used to describe the legal framework of land segregation, abolition, property protection and restitution that conditions the Bank's proposals. |