Statistics South Africa Census (1996, 2001, 2011) reports and data

Literature › Primary sources

Kind	population census
Producer	Statistics South Africa
Coverage	1996-2011
Works using it	14

Debates

Debate	Works
Census, race classification and demographic data	3
Long-run legacy and persistence of apartheid	3
Liberal vs revisionist: was apartheid functional or dysfunctional for capitalist growth?	3
Post-apartheid economic policy, governance and corruption	3
Farm labour: mechanisation, labour shedding, wages and labour control	2
Origins, coherence and ideology of apartheid and Afrikaner nationalism	2
Sanctions, disinvestment and the anti-apartheid movement	2
Cheap labour thesis and the function of the reserves	1
The job colour bar, white labour and its erosion	1
Did the apartheid economy fail? Growth, productivity, investment and the post-1970s crisis	1
White electoral politics, delimitation and party systems	1
Homelands, separate development, decentralisation and removals	1
Influx control, pass laws and African urbanisation	1
Urban segregation, Group Areas and the apartheid city	1

Works using this source

Work	As cited	Period	How used
Abel (2014a)	South African population census 1996-2011, ward-level data (4,278 wards)	1996, 2001, 2011	Used for population growth comparison (migration check), Mahalanobis matching for placebo camps, and 2011 ethnic fractionalization index.
Atkinson (2007)	1996 Population Census (as cited via CRLS 2001 and StatsSA/NDA)	1996	Used for farm worker education levels and electricity access.
Beall et al. (2005)	Stats South Africa, Republic of South Africa Census 2001	2001	Provides the provincial population of 9,426,017 against which the Metro's share is given.
Bond (2004)	Census 2001 (October 2001), Johannesburg metro population and racial composition, via Thale (2003) city website article	October 2001	Establishes Johannesburg's population of 3.2 million and its racial composition as context.
Christopher (2002a)	Census 2001 categories (Table 1)	2001	Table 1 lists 2001 categories but no 2001 source is cited in its source line.
Christopher (2009a)	Census 1996 and 2001 methodology and specification reports (Reports 03-01-17, 03-02-02, 03-02-43, 03-02-04) and 2007 Community Survey questionnaire	1996-2007	Documents post-apartheid retention of four-fold race classification, the 'other' category, imputation and population-group definitions.
Christopher (2009b)	Statistics South Africa census 1996 and 2001 documentation (reports 03-01-17, 03-02-02, 03-02-04, 03-02-43) and 2007 Community Survey questionnaire	1996-2007	Shows retention of the four-fold apartheid race classification, the 'others' category and imputation, and nationality handling in post-apartheid censuses.
Cooper (2007)	Census and survey data (1990s South African censuses and household surveys) as used by Seekings and Nattrass	1990s, with earlier apartheid-era data	The reviewed book draws on census and survey data to document the distribution of income and the class structure, and its authors flag the limits of these data.
Fox and Lemon (2000)	1996 population census data on racial composition and dominant languages by province/district (Figures 1 and 2)	1996	Provides the racial composition of provincial electorates and distribution of dominant languages used to relate party votes to race and ethnicity.
Kok et al. (2006)	Census 2001 community profile / Statistics South Africa Census in Brief 2001	1991–2001 migration intervals	Basis for GIS maps of inter- and intra-provincial migration flows in Appendix B.
Kok et al. (2006)	Census ’96 (South Africa) and its migration questions, as analysed by Kok et al. (2003)	1996 (with 1975–80 and 1992–96 migration intervals)	Establishes post-apartheid internal migration levels and migrant/non-migrant profiles, and provides the sampling frame for the HSRC surveys.
Krugell (2014)	1996 population census (place-level, used for robustness estimate of q)	1996	A similar rank-size estimate (q=1.25) is used to show that over-concentration is not only a post-1994 phenomenon.
Krugell (2014)	Census 2011 place-level data, digital (Statistics South Africa 2013), aggregated to 1911 district boundaries	2011	Provides 2011 population and vehicle ownership, aggregated to 1911 boundaries, for the 2011 rank-size estimate and the wealth persistence comparison.
Mariotti and Fourie (2014)	1996 population census	1996	Described as the first inclusive census; Bastos & Bottan use it to document income gaps inside and outside the homelands.
Roberts (2009)	Census '96 (1996 Population Census) income and unemployment data on agricultural workers	1996	Distribution of monthly incomes by race among agricultural workers and expanded unemployment rate.
Wittenberg (2003b)	1996 national census, October Household Surveys and 1995 Income and Expenditure Survey	1995-1996	Described as the new information base for poverty targeting after the old statistical system omitted the TBVC states and covered Africans poorly.