| Bendix (1989) |
Basic Conditions of Employment Act No. 3 of 1982; Wage Act No. 5 of 1957; Machinery and Occupational Safety Act No. 6 of 1983; Manpower Training Act No. 56 of 1981; Unemployment Insurance Act No. 30 of 1966; Workmen's Compensation Act No. 30 of 1941 |
1941-1983 |
Statutes summarised to describe the legislative framework of employment conditions. |
| Bendix (1989) |
Labour Relations Act No. 28 of 1956 as amended (1979, 1982, 1988 Amendment Act) |
1956-1988 |
Primary legal text analysed for bargaining, dispute-settlement, unfair labour practice and strike provisions. |
| Budeli et al. (2008) |
Industrial Conciliation Act 11 of 1924 and its amendment (Act 24 of 1930), the consolidated ICA of 1937, and the Wage Act 27 of 1925 |
1924-1937 |
Used to show statutory recognition of unions, the exclusion of blacks from the definition of 'employee', and the dual system of industrial relations. |
| Budeli et al. (2008) |
Industrial Conciliation Act 28 of 1956 (later Labour Relations Act) and amendments of 1979-1991 |
1956-1991 |
Source for the racial definition of 'employee', the ban on multi-racial unions, the freedom of association and anti-victimisation provisions (ss 66, 78), the Wiehahn-era amendments and the 1988 unfair labour practice regime. |
| Coupe (1995) |
Industrial Conciliation Act 1956 (and 1961 amendment), Native Labour (Settlement of Disputes) Act 1953, Apprenticeship Act 1944; ICISEM Main Agreements 1968 and 1970 |
1944-1970 |
Establish the statutory framework of job reservation, racial union segregation and industrial council agreements. |
| Crush (1989b) |
Industrial conciliation legislation (1981 inclusion of migrants) and Chamber of Mines 1982 announcement permitting union access |
1981-1982 |
Establishes that legal and company barriers to organizing migrant miners were removed, creating the test case. |
| De Clercq (1979) |
Amended Industrial Conciliation Act of September 1979 |
1979 |
Shows the limited extension of union rights to urban Africans and exclusion of migrants etc. |
| De Clercq (1979) |
Bantu Labour Settlement of Disputes Act 1953 and Industrial Conciliation Act 1956 |
1953-1956 |
Shows state strategy to channel African workers into in-plant committees and enforce racial union splits. |
| De Clercq (1979) |
Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924 and Wage Act |
1924 |
Shows the legal institutionalisation of racial divisions in industrial relations. |
| Duncan (1989) |
Industrial Conciliation Act 1924, Wage Act 1925, Native Labour Regulation Act 1911, and War Measures 9 and 145 of 1942 |
1911-1942 |
Describes the legal machinery of conciliation, arbitration and control under which the departments operated and the strike was declared illegal. |
| Gould (1981) |
Industrial Conciliation Act 1956 (No. 28) and Industrial Conciliation Amendment Act 1979 (No. 94), as reprinted in de Kock |
1924-1979 |
Statutory text on registration, mixed unions, strikes, industrial councils, Industrial Court, job reservation; basis for the legal analysis. |
| Hirschsohn (1996) |
Labour Relations Amendment Act 1988 and 1979 labour law amendments (Industrial Conciliation Act, Industrial Court) |
1979-1988 |
The legal reforms whose unintended consequences are the core of the argument, described rather than directly cited. |
| Hofmeyr and Lucas (1998) |
Industrial Conciliation Act of 1956 and Industrial Conciliation Amendment Act of 1979 |
1956-1979 |
Provides the institutional setting: the 1956 Act barred multiracial unions and the 1979 amendment extended the definition of employee to Africans, enabling union growth. |
| Lemon (1982) |
Industrial Conciliation Amendment Act no. 94 of 1979 |
1979 |
Cited to show restrictions placed on black union membership despite the Wiehahn recommendations. |
| Lemon (1984c) |
Labour legislation of the 1920s (Industrial Conciliation Act 1924, Wages Act 1925, Mines and Works Amendment Act 1926) and job reservation 1956 |
1924-1956 |
Describes statutory racial job protection as the original principle of labor-market control. |
| Lewis (1990) |
1979 industrial relations legislation granting legal recognition to black trade unions |
1979 |
Presented as the event that made industrial relations machinery a central concern of labor history and labor studies. |
| Lichtenstein (2004) |
South African labour legislation: Industrial Conciliation Acts 1924, 1937, 1956; Native Labour (Settlement of Disputes) Act 1953; Suppression of Communism Act 1950 |
1924-1956 |
Statutes defining African exclusion from 'employee' status, mixed-union bans and suppression of left union leaders. |
| Macun and Frost (1994) |
Industrial Conciliation Act 1979 and Labour Relations Act 1981 |
1979-1981 |
Legal reforms extending union rights to all workers, taken to improve reliability of membership data and to facilitate growth. |
| Macun and Wood (2001) |
Industrial Conciliation Amendment Act (no. 94 of 1979) and Labour Relations Amendment Act of 1981 |
1979-1981 |
Establishes the legal reforms that opened registration and collective bargaining to African unions. |
| Maree (1985) |
Industrial Conciliation Act (1956; amended 1979 and 1981, renamed Labour Relations Act) and Bantu Labour (Settlement of Disputes) Act 1953 |
1953-1981 |
Defines the dualistic industrial relations system and the legal changes in 1979 and 1981 toward registration and control of African unions. |
| Mariotti (2008) |
Legislation: Industrial Conciliation Act 1956 and other labour/apartheid statutes (Appendix III timeline) |
1911-1970 |
Timeline of pre-apartheid and apartheid legislation establishing the job reservation framework. |
| Mariotti (2010) |
Industrial Conciliation Act 1924 and 1956 (incl. Section 77 Industrial Tribunal) |
1924, 1956 |
Establishes the institutional mechanism of industry agreements and job reservation determinations that restricted African employment. |
| Mohamed (1991) |
Industrial Conciliation Act 1956 and Industrial Conciliation Act No. 94 of 1979 (Section 3); Apprenticeship Act 1944; Black Building Workers Act 1951; Suppression of Communism Act 1950; Sabotage Act 1962; Training Act 1990 |
1944-1990 |
Legal framework for mixed unions, job reservation, apprenticeship and training that conditioned SAEWA's strategy. |
| Moll (1993a) |
Industrial Conciliation Act 1924 and Industrial Conciliation Act of October 1979 (with amendments); Wiehahn Commission (1977) |
1924-1979 |
Describes the legal framework of industrial councils, racial exclusion of African unions, and the legalization of African unions after 1979. |
| Moll (1993c) |
Industrial Conciliation Act 1924 and Industrial Conciliation Act of October 1979 (and amendments) |
1924-1984 |
Describes the legal framework: industrial councils, exclusion of Africans from the definition of employee, and legalization of African unions in 1979. |
| Moll (1996a) |
Industrial Conciliation Act (1979 amendments) and ergo omnes extension provisions |
1920s-1979 and after |
Background on the legal framework allowing the Minister of Labor to extend IC agreements and Africans to join registered unions. |
| Nattrass and Seekings (2012a) |
Industrial Conciliation Acts of 1924, 1930 and 1937, 1925 Wage Act, 1923 Natives (Urban Areas) Act, 1911 Native Labour Regulation Act |
1911-1937 |
Establishes the legal origins of industrial councils, extensions, and exclusion/inclusion of African workers. |
| Roth (1995a) |
South African legislation barring recognition of African trade unions |
not specified |
Used to explain why the Chamber of Mines did not recognise African unions. |
| Schultz and Mwabu (1998a) |
Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924 and the Industrial Council system |
1924-1993 |
Institutional background on how Industrial Councils set and extend wage floors to nonunion firms and workers, motivating the interpretation of union and nonunion wage gaps. |
| Schultz and Mwabu (1998b) |
South African Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924 |
1924 |
Describes the legal framework for Industrial Councils whose agreements could be extended to nonunion workers and firms, motivating the spillover and understatement arguments. |